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If you are an engineering student at UTM, UMP, UTP, or UniMAP, you are most probably forbidden from using APA style. You live in the world of IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). Unlike the “Author-Date” system used in…
If you are a Social Science or Humanities student at USM (Universiti Sains Malaysia), UKM (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), or private universities like Sunway or Monash Malaysia, you likely see “Harvard Style” in your thesis manual. You might think: “Great! I’ll…
If you are a student at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) or the Academy of Islamic Studies at UM, you are likely familiar with the “little number” at the top of a sentence. While Science and Business students use…
If you are studying English Literature at UM, Linguistics at UKM, or Performing Arts at USM, you likely do not care about the “year” a book was published as much as where the quote is located on the page. Welcome…
You have finished writing. Your supervisor is happy. You print your draft and walk confidently into the Institute of Postgraduate Studies (IPS). Five minutes later, you walk out with your thesis in your hand and a rejection slip. Welcome to…
If you are writing a thesis without using a Reference Management Software (RMS), you are doing it wrong. Typing citations manually—(Ali, 2023)—is a recipe for disaster. What happens when your supervisor tells you to delete paragraph 4? You have to…
If you are still typing your bibliography manually in Microsoft Word, you are wasting 30% of your PhD time and effort. In 2026, the landscape of Reference Management Software (RMS) has exploded. It is no longer just a battle between…
You handed in your assignment. You felt good. Then you got it back with red circles everywhere. “Wrong citation format.” “Remove city name.” “Where is the DOI?” You are confused because you followed the guide you found on Google. The…
In Chicago style citation format, the numbered citation in the text is a superscript number. I’ve seen many people place this number within the sentence,i.e., before the full stop or comma. However, the correct spot to insert the citation is…
If you ask a Malaysian postgraduate student what the hardest part of their PhD was, they might not say “Data Analysis” or “The Viva.” They will likely sigh and say: “Formatting.” It sounds trivial. How hard can it be to…